LinuxSystemctl是一个系统管理守护进程、工具和库的集合,用于取代System V、service和chkconfig命令,初始进程主要负责控制systemd系统和服务管理器。通过Systemctl –help可以看到该命令主要分为:查询或发送控制命令给systemd服务,管理单元服务的命令,服务文件的相关命令,任务、环境、快照相关命令,systemd服务的配置重载,系统开机关机相关的命令。
列出所有可用单元
# systemctl list-unit-files列出所有运行中单元
# systemctl list-units列出所有失败单元
# systemctl –failed检查某个单元(如 crond.service)是否启用
# systemctl is-enabledcrond.service列出所有服务
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=serviceLinux中如何启动、重启、停止、重载服务以及检查服务(如 httpd.service)状态
# systemctl start httpd.service
# systemctl restart httpd.service
# systemctl stop httpd.service
# systemctl reload httpd.service
# systemctl status httpd.service
注意:当我们使用systemctl的start,restart,stop和reload命令时,终端不会输出任何内容,只有status命令可以打印输出。如何激活服务并在开机时启用或禁用服务(即系统启动时自动启动mysql.service服务)
# systemctl is-active mysql.service # systemctl enable mysql.service
# systemctl disable mysql.service如何屏蔽(让它不能启动)或显示服务(如ntpdate.service)
# systemctl mask ntpdate.service ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service’
# systemctl unmask ntpdate.service rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service’使用systemctl命令杀死服务
# systemctl killcrond列出所有系统挂载点
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=mount挂载、卸载、重新挂载、重载系统挂载点并检查系统中挂载点状态
# systemctl start tmp.mount
# systemctl stop tmp.mount
# systemctl restart tmp.mount
# systemctl reload tmp.mount
# systemctl status tmp.mount在启动时激活、启用或禁用挂载点(系统启动时自动挂载)
# systemctl is-active tmp.mount
# systemctl enable tmp.mount
# systemctl disable tmp.mount在Linux中屏蔽(让它不能启用)或可见挂载点
# systemctl mask tmp.mount ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount’
# systemctl unmask tmp.mount rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount’列出所有可用系统套接口
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=socket检查某个服务的所有配置细节
# systemctl showmysql获取某个服务(httpd)的依赖性列表
# systemctl list-dependencies httpd.service启动救援模式
# systemctl rescue进入紧急模式
# systemctl emergency列出当前使用的运行等级
# systemctl get-default启动运行等级5,即图形模式
# systemctl isolate runlevel5.target 或 # systemctl isolate graphical.target启动运行等级3,即多用户模式(命令行)
# systemctl isolate runlevel3.target 或 # systemctl isolate multiuser.target设置多用户模式或图形模式为默认运行等级
# systemctl set-default runlevel3.target
# systemctl set-default runlevel5.target重启、停止、挂起、休眠系统或使系统进入混合睡眠
# systemctl reboot # systemctl halt
# systemctl suspend
# systemctl hibernate
# systemctl hybrid-sleep
对于不知运行等级为何物的人,说明如下。
Runlevel 0 : 关闭系统
Runlevel 1 : 救援,维护模式
Runlevel 3 : 多用户,无图形系统
Runlevel 4 : 多用户,无图形系统
Runlevel 5 : 多用户,图形化系统
Runlevel 6 : 关闭并重启机器